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《江苏农业科学》[ISSN:1002-1302/CN:32-1214/S]

卷:

第45卷

期数:

2017年15期

页码:

264-270

栏目:

资源与环境

出版日期:

2017-08-05

文章信息/Info

Title:

Distribution characteristics and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Huaihe River Basin in Henan Province

作者:

王雪平¹;  王淑红²

1.黄河水利职业技术学院，河南开封 475004； 2.开封浦华紫光水业有限公司，河南开封 475000

Author(s):

Wang Xueping; et al

关键词:

淮河流域; 底泥; 重金属; 环境评价; 电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS); BCR; 连续提取法

Keywords:

-

分类号:

X522

DOI:

-

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

通过现场调查采样及室内分析，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和修正的欧洲共同体标准物质局(BCR)连续提取法研究河南省淮河流域底泥中重金属铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、镉（Cd）污染状况及特征，并利用N.L.Nemerow综合污染指数法和地累积指数(I_geo)法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行综合评价。结果表明：(1)河南省淮河流域中各重金属浓度均表现为表土>底泥，其中表土Cr含量与底泥Cr含量差异不显著，Pb、Zn占重金属总量比例较高，Cr、Cd占重金属总量比例较小；河南省淮河流域中养分含量均表现为表土>底泥，其中表土全磷含量与底泥全磷含量差异不显著。(2)Pearson相关性分析可知，河南省淮河流域底泥中有机碳含量与大部分重金属浓度均呈极显著正相关；除了Cr浓度与全钾含量呈显著正相关，Cr、Ni浓度与养分含量均没有显著的相关性。表明有机碳是影响这些重金属元素分布特征的重要因素，但有机碳的这种特性并非适用于所有重金属。(3)河南省淮河流域表土和底泥Cu、Cr主要以酸溶可交换态形式存在，Pb、Cd只要以水溶态形式存在，Zn则主要是以可氧化态和可还原态2种不稳定形态存在，Ni较均匀地分布于5种形态中；表土和底泥中6种重金属生物活性系数大小依次为Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cd，表土和底泥Cu、Ni表现出相对较高的不稳定性和可利用性。(4)河南省淮河流域表土和底泥重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni单因子污染系数均值均小于1，多数属于安全级别，Pb、Cd单因子污染系数均值均大于1，属于轻度污染水平；表土和底泥污染系数均值由大到小依次为Pb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni。(5)河南省淮河流域表土和底泥中重金属危害指数(E_i)基本表现为Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni＞Zn，其中表土和底泥毒害性最强的是Cd、Pb，多数处于严重危害范围(160＜E_i≤320)，表土和底泥其他重金属的危害指数值则较小(E_i≤40)，均处于低风险水平；各重金属污染水平基本表现为表土＞底泥。(6)累积指数(I_geo)评价结果表明，河南省淮河流域表土和底泥各种重金属元素的富集程度为Cd＞Pb＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni、Cr，表土和底泥Cd、Pb元素达到了3级及以上的污染程度，其他元素则是轻污染、中污染或者无污染水平。

Abstract:

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期：2016-04-25
基金项目：河南省科技攻关项目(编号：172102410035)；黄河水利职业技术学院校内科研基金(编号：2016KXSJ009)。
作者简介：王雪平(1978—)，女，河南兰考人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为环境生态污染及水处理。E-mail：Wangxue_ping@126.com。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2017-08-05