|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]万丽丽,王转茸,范志雄,等.单倍体诱导创建二倍体技术在油菜遗传育种中的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(10):38-45.
　Wan Lili,et al.Research progress on haploid induced diploid technology in rapeseed genetics and breeding[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2020,48(10):38-45.
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单倍体诱导创建二倍体技术在油菜遗传育种中的研究进展(PDF)
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《江苏农业科学》[ISSN:1002-1302/CN:32-1214/S]

卷:
第48卷
期数:
2020年第10期
页码:
38-45
栏目:
专论与综述
出版日期:
2020-05-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research progress on haploid induced diploid technology in rapeseed genetics and breeding
作者:
万丽丽1;  王转茸1;  范志雄2;  辛 强3;  洪登峰3;  杨光圣3;  孙玉宏1;  谭 庆1
1.武汉市农业科学院作物研究所作物遗传改良中心，湖北武汉 430065； 2.安徽省农业科学院作物研究所，安徽合肥 230001；
3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，湖北武汉 430070
Author(s):
Wan Lili; et al
关键词:
双单倍体; 油菜; 遗传育种; 小孢子培养; 遗传转化; 单倍体诱导; 数量性状基因座（QTLs）; 分子机制
Keywords:
-
分类号:
S634.303.2
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
单倍体诱导创建二倍体的技术体系主要包括2种类型。(1)对植物中雄性或者雌性生殖器官进行培养获得具有单套染色体组的组织，经过天然或者加倍剂处理获得二倍体；(2)对CENH3基因进行修饰获得单倍体诱导系，利用单倍体诱导系与不同材料杂交获得后者的单倍体，进而加倍成二倍体。在油菜中应用最广泛的单倍体诱导创建二倍体植株的技术是小孢子培养方法，其过程受到3个因素的影响，分别为小孢子胚发生能力、小孢子天然加倍和加倍剂处理后的加倍效率、从胚再生成完整植株的能力。经过多年研究，在油菜中建立的小孢子诱导创建二倍体的技术为油菜遗传育种研究提供了重要的技术支持。小孢子和小孢子培养得到的胚均能用于创造突变体及遗传转化试验。通过遗传学方法定位了决定油菜小孢子胚发生、天然加倍以及胚状体直接成苗的数量性状基因座(QTLs)，可在不同群体中验证候选基因。深入挖掘调控小孢子胚发生和再生成苗的分子机制，分析胚性细胞发育的转变、起始细胞的分化以及胚形态发生的基因调控网络，进而为理解油菜单倍体诱导以及二倍体发生的作用机制提供依据。随着植物单倍体诱导发生的分子机制被逐步揭示，在油菜中对与拟南芥染色体减数分裂相关的同源基因进行修饰能够获得单倍体诱导系，将其与待改良的父母本进行杂交可快速获得具有不同亲本背景的单倍体，经过加倍剂处理可快速获得纯系，单倍体诱导技术能够用于反向育种研究以及品种的遗传改良。
Abstract:
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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2019-04-29
基金项目：中国博士后科学基金第65批面上资助项目(编号：2019M652726)；武汉市农业科学院博士后项目。
作者简介：万丽丽(1982—)，女，湖北武汉人，博士，农艺师，主要从事油菜分子设计育种研究。E-mail：wanlili13226@163.com。
更新日期/Last Update: 2020-05-20