|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]陈纪鹏,刘小林,胡月清.芸薹属多倍体杂种减数分裂中染色体行为研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2022,50(18):201-207.
　Chen Jipeng,et al.Research progress of chromosome behavior in meiosis of Brassica polyploid[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2022,50(18):201-207.
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芸薹属多倍体杂种减数分裂中染色体行为研究进展(PDF)
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《江苏农业科学》[ISSN:1002-1302/CN:32-1214/S]

卷:
第50卷
期数:
2022年第18期
页码:
201-207
栏目:
现代遗传育种
出版日期:
2022-09-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research progress of chromosome behavior in meiosis of Brassica polyploid
作者:
陈纪鹏; 刘小林; 胡月清
宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院/江西省作物生长发育调控重点实验室，江西宜春 336000
Author(s):
Chen Jipeng; et al
关键词:
芸薹属; 多倍体; 减数分裂; 联会; 重组
Keywords:
-
分类号:
S565. 4
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
进化史上的多倍化历程使芸薹属植物形成了复杂的基因组结构，芸薹属“禹氏三角”清晰地总结出3个二倍体两两结合形成3个四倍体的演化关系。丰富的遗传背景造就了种类繁多、形态多样的蔬菜、油料等芸薹属作物。模仿自然进化进程，人工合成多倍体也成为芸薹属植物遗传改良的理想途径。为解决合成多倍体育性差的难题，对配子形成的关键步骤——减数分裂的研究成为多倍体育种焦点。众多研究表明，合成芸薹属多倍体减数分裂过程有其特有的染色体行为特征。荧光原位杂交技术从细胞学层面清楚地揭示，合成多倍体中即使存在同源染色体，也可能发生非同源配对，单倍体中基因组内或基因组间染色体部分同源关系常引起染色体非同源配对。荧光免疫共沉淀技术研究结果显示，植物多倍体联会复合体形成过程中多种蛋白的作用。在同源染色体联会过程中，配对的DNA双链发生非随机断裂和愈合形成交叉。在大多数多倍体中，交叉的数量总是比双链断裂的数量少得多，从而可推断断裂修复并不是随机发生的。交叉的结果可能使DNA片段发生互换而产生重组，同源重组确保了同源染色体之间二价体的形成和随后的均等分离，这确保学有性系列过程正常进行和后代遗传多样性。芸薹属多倍体同源重组频率受植物遗传组成影响而表现出不同的频率。清晰地呈现出合成芸薹属多倍体减数分裂染色体行为规律及其遗传机制，这对成功合成芸薹属多倍体、创造有经济价值的作物新品种有重要意义。
Abstract:
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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2022-04-02
基金项目：国家自然科学基金(编号：31460357)；江西省重点研发计划(编号：20212BBF63014)；江西省自然科学基金(编号：20202BABL205017)。
作者简介：陈纪鹏(1974—)，男，河南西平人，博士，副教授，主要从事油菜细胞遗传学研究。E-mai：chensi20020606@163.com。
更新日期/Last Update: 2022-09-20